[41] Like Gould, Gabriel Dover in criticizing The Selfish Gene says:[42], However, from a comparison with Dawkins' discussion of this very same point, it would seem both Gould's and Dover's comments are more a critique of his sloppy usage than a difference of views. 5.0 van 5 - 1779 beoordelingen, * De voordelen van bol.com gelden niet voor het gehele assortiment. However, as we shall see, there are special circumstances in which a gene can achieve its own selfish goals best by fostering a limited form of altruism at the level of individual animals." The Selfish Gene is de 'sleutel' tot Dawkins werk, het boek dat verklaart hoe evolutie volgens Dawkins werkt: alle soorten, inclusief wij mensen, zijn wat ze zijn doordat de genen goed waren in het laten overleven van kopiën van zichzelf. Anwyays, Dawkins is the greatest scientific writer because he is able to break down extremely intricate topics so that the reader can understand. From the moment of its publication 40 years ago, it … This is but one reason why West-Eberhard, among others, has been long trying to cure the ‘cyclic amnesia’ that she says has ignored 150 years of evidence that the gene’s centrality is overplayed. Een must voor iedereen die in evolutie geinterresseerd is! Bijzonder mooie inzichten.Als je denkt dat je evolutie goed begrijpt, moet je dit boek lezen, ik heb dit voor een ander gekocht en die was er dik tevreden mee. Door op ‘accepteren’ te klikken ga je hiermee akkoord. Ik vind het een geweldig boek. Door op ‘accepteren’ te klikken ga je hiermee akkoord. Bezorgopties We bieden verschillende opties aan voor het bezorgen of ophalen van je bestelling. Although Dawkins (and biologists in general) recognize these phenomena result in more copies of a gene, evidence is inconclusive whether this success is selected for at a group or individual level. Een genot om te lezen, ook al is het betoog ontluisterend voor mensen die liever een hogere oorzaak voor ons bestaan zien. In Mind in Life, the philosopher Evan Thompson has assembled a multi-sourced objection to the "selfish gene" idea. Richard Dawkins is een Britse evolutiebioloog die wereldberoemd werd met de bestsellers De zelfzuchtige genen en God als misvatting. Met deze cookies kunnen wij en derde partijen jouw internetgedrag binnen en buiten bol.com volgen en verzamelen. Ook willen we cookies plaatsen om je bezoek aan bol.com en onze communicatie naar jou makkelijker en persoonlijker te maken. Hoewel sommige formuleringen een beetje uitdagend zijn opgeschreven, heeft Dawkins mij veel stof tot nadenken gegeven; een echte aanrader! [64], In July 2017, the book was listed as the most influential science book of all time in a poll to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Royal Society science book prize, ahead of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species and Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica. On The Selfish Gene's 30th anniversary, many of Dawkins's admirers, including writer Philip Pullman and cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, contributed essays to the book Richard Dawkins (Oxford University Press, 2006) edited by his former students Alan Grafen and Mark Ridley (no relation of mine). The Selfish Gene is a 1976 book on evolution by the biologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Hoewel 'The Selfish Gene' al in 1976 voor het eerst gepubliceerd is, is het nog lang niet achterhaald. The book provoked widespread and heated debate. Dit is één van die zeldzame boeken, die op een vlotte wijze jouw échte plaats in de wereld en het heelal doet verstaan. M y copy of The Selfish Gene is the first paperback edition of 1978. The Core Idea: Though the book is called The Selfish Gene, the text unfolds something else – that actually altruism should be (and in most cases is) the driving behavior of all living creatures. An example of such a conflict might be a person using birth control to prevent fertilisation, thereby inhibiting the replication of his or her genes. Hamilton and others. The Selfish Gene is een boek uit 1976 over evolutie van de bioloog Richard Dawkins , waarin de auteur voortbouwt op de hoofdtheorie van George C. Williams ' Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Onze klantenservice It is in fact a logical outgrowth of orthodox neo-Darwinism, but expressed as a novel image. Ook willen we cookies plaatsen om je bezoek aan bol.com en onze communicatie naar jou makkelijker en persoonlijker te maken. We slaan je cookievoorkeur op in je account. Inheriting the mantle of revolutionary biologist from Darwin, Watson, and Crick, Richard Dawkins forced an enormous change in the way we see ourselves and the world with the publication of The Selfish Gene. [33][34] While naïve versions of group selectionism have been disproved, more sophisticated formulations make accurate predictions in some cases while positing selection at higher levels. The book has been translated into at least 23 languages including Arabic, Thai and Turkish.[61]. Koop dit studieboek op bookmatch.nl, een marktplaats met 250.000 Tweedehands studieboeken . Thompson goes on to suggest that the cell-environment interrelationship has much to do with reproduction and inheritance, and a focus on the gene as a form of "information [that] passes through bodies and affects them, but is not affected by them on its way through"[52] is tantamount to adoption of a form of material-informational dualism that has no explanatory value and no scientific basis. ” – The Selfish Gene . Naast dat 'The Selfish Gene' erg aansprekend geschreven is, blijkt duidelijk dat het is geschreven door iemand die inhoudelijk ook verstand van zaken heeft! The view of The Selfish Gene is that selection based upon groups and populations is rare compared to selection on individuals. Professor Dawkins articulates a gene's eye view of evolution - a view giving centre stage to these persistent units of information, and in which organisms can be seen as vehicles for their replication. Amotz Zahavi's theory of honest signalling explains stotting as a selfish act, he argues, improving the springbok's chances of escaping from a predator by indicating how difficult the chase would be. [25] The information scientist Osamu Sakura has published a book in Japanese and several papers in English on the topic. It certainly alters the likelihood of events, but a concatenation of contingencies decides what actually occurs. In describing genes as being "selfish", Dawkins states unequivocally that he does not intend to imply that they are driven by any motives or will, but merely that their effects can be metaphorically and pedagogically described as if they were. He criticises earlier approaches to social evolution, saying: "...unwarranted faith in the central role of kinship in social evolution has led to the reversal of the usual order in which biological research is conducted. The Selfish Gene Summary “ We are survival machines – robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes. The Selfish Gene is a 1976 book on evolution by the biologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Although Dawkins agrees that groups can assist survival, they rank as a "vehicle" for survival only if the group activity is replicated in descendants, recorded in the gene, the gene being the only true replicator. Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859) was one. It was followed by a string of bestselling books: The Extended Phenotype (1982), The Blind Watchmaker (1986), River Out of Eden (1995), Climbing Mount Improbable (1996), However, as we shall see, there are special circumstances in which a gene can achieve its own selfish goals best by fostering a limited form of altruism at the level of individual animals. "The Selfish Gene" goes on to clarify not only its expressed subject, the nature and genesis of Selfishness and Altruism, but to make clear the error, scope, and source of various (idealistic, and often political) arguments and ideas centered around group selection fallacies, including the genesis of (ill-conceived) "group-beneficial", cooperative "functions" vs. (individual) evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) and … The original replicator (Dawkins' Replicator) was the initial molecule which first managed to reproduce itself and thus gained an advantage over other molecules within the primordial soup. From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense (at the level of the genes) it makes for them to behave cooperatively with each other. 1-Sentence-Summary: The Selfish Gene explains the process of evolution in biology using genes as its basic unit, showing how they manifest in the form of organisms, what they do to ensure their own survival, how they program our brains, which strategies have worked best throughout history and what makes humans so special in this context. Although supported by Dawkins and by many others, this claim continues to be disputed. Het is echter in een enkel geval mogelijk dat door omstandigheden de bezorging vertraagd is. He writes in The Evolution of Human Sexuality (1979):[11], Dawkins proposes the idea of the "replicator":[12]. [2], In July 2017, a poll to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Royal Society science book prize listed The Selfish Gene as the most influential science book of all time. His contention is that the genes that are passed on are the ones whose evolutionary consequences serve their own implicit interest (to continue the anthropomorphism) in being replicated, not necessarily those of the organism. Forty years later, its insights remain as relevant today as on the day it was published. Pinker describes the futility of the "Public Good Game" where individuals elect not to aid the group: sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFDawkins2006 (, For a view opposing 'multilevel selection', see, For a view supporting 'evolutionary competition between cultural groups', see, "The workhorse of game theory models examining reciprocity and cooperation is undoubtedly the, Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think, "Dawkins sees off Darwin in vote for most influential science book", "The Genetical evolution of social behavior. Welke opties voor jouw bestelling beschikbaar zijn, zie je bij het afronden van de bestelling. In The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins crystallized the gene's eye view of evolution developed by W.D. From the gene-centred view, it follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, t… "[2] This point also was made by the philosopher Mary Midgley: "The same thing happened to AJ Ayer, she says, but he spent the rest of his career taking back what he'd written in Language, Truth and Logic. [14] Likewise, the persistence of junk DNA that [Dawkins believed at that time] provides no benefit to its host can be explained on the basis that it is not subject to selection. The Selfish Gene is de 'sleutel' tot Dawkins werk, het boek dat verklaart hoe evolutie volgens Dawkins werkt: alle soorten, inclusief wij mensen, zijn wat ze zijn doordat de genen goed waren in het laten overleven van kopiën van zichzelf. Volg je bestelling, [38], A good deal of objection to The Selfish Gene stemmed from its failure to be always clear about "selection" and "replication". "[22] More generally, critics argue that The Selfish Gene oversimplifies the relationship between genes and the organism. Despite the principle of 'survival of the fittest' the ultimate criterion which determines whether [a gene] G will spread is not whether the behavior is to the benefit of the behaver, but whether it is to the benefit of the gene G ...With altruism this will happen only if the affected individual is a relative of the altruist, therefore having an increased chance of carrying the gene. The final chapter of the first edition introduced the idea of the meme, a culturally-transmitted entity such as a hummable tune, by analogy to genetic transmission. [43] The term "replicator" includes genes as the most fundamental replicators but possibly other agents, and interactor includes organisms but maybe other agents, much as do Dawkins' 'vehicles'. Wilkins and Hull (2014) provide an extended discussion of Dawkins' views and of his book The Selfish Gene.[8]. We helpen je graag. Als we je account op een ander apparaat herkennen, hoef je niet opnieuw de keuze te maken. [37] Hull suggested a resolution based upon a distinction between replicators and interactors. Another example is the existence of segregation distorter genes that are detrimental to their host, but nonetheless propagate themselves at its expense. An extended discussion of the contrasts between enactivism and Dawkins' views, and with their support by Dennett, is provided by Thompson.[49]. The Selfish Gene was first published by Oxford University Press in 1976 in eleven chapters with a preface by the author and a foreword by Robert Trivers. Stephen Jay Gould took exception to calling the gene a 'unit of selection' because selection acted only upon phenotypes. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think. Dawkins writes that gene combinations which help an organism to survive and reproduce tend to also improve the gene's own chances of being replicated, and, as a result, "successful" genes frequently provide a benefit to the organism. It also added a second preface by the author, but the original foreword by Trivers was dropped. betaal facturen of ), The Selfish Gene: 40th Anniversary Edition (4th ed. Meer informatie "The Selfish Gene" goes on to clarify not only its expressed subject, the nature and genesis of Selfishness and Altruism, but to make clear the error, scope, and source of various (idealistic, and often political) arguments and ideas centered around group selection fallacies, including the genesis of (ill-conceived) "group-beneficial", cooperative "functions" vs. (individual) evolutionarily stable strategies … The Selfish Gene further popularised sociobiology in Japan after its translation in 1980. As a result, populations will tend towards an evolutionarily stable strategy. Richard Dawkins: The Selfish Gene, 1976 Darwins evolutietheorie ontmaskerde de wereld om ons heen als een plek waar elk individu voortdurend … The second edition (1989) added two more chapters. "The sort of popular science writing that makes the reader feel like a genius." "[21] According to comparative psychologist Nicky Hayes, "Dawkins presented a version of sociobiology that rested heavily on metaphors drawn from animal behavior, and extrapolated these...One of the weaknesses of the sociological approach is that it tends only to seek confirmatory examples from among the huge diversity of animal behavior. "This hasn't occurred to Dawkins", she says. Dawkins' major concluding theme, that humanity is finally gaining power over the "selfish replicators" by virtue of their intelligence, is criticized also by primatologist Frans de Waal, who refers to it as an example of a "veneer theory" (the idea that morality is not fundamental, but is laid over a brutal foundation). The book also introduces the term meme for a unit of human cultural evolution analogous to the gene, suggesting that such "selfish" replication may also model human culture, in a different sense. "[36] Chapter 18 of The Social Conquest of Earth describes the deficiencies of kin selection and outlines group selection, which Wilson argues is a more realistic model of social evolution. Om bol.com voor jou nog beter te maken, gebruiken wij altijd functionele en analytische cookies (en daarmee vergelijkbare technieken). Dawkins doet dit alles met een briljante stijl, heel helder en tegelijkertijd heel scherp redenerend. The distinction is as follows:[43][44], Hull suggests that, despite some similarities, Dawkins takes too narrow a view of these terms, engendering some of the objections to his views. The conflict arises in part over defining concepts: In The Social Conquest of Earth (2012), the entomologist E. O. Wilson contends that although the selfish-gene approach was accepted "until 2010 [when] Martin Nowak, Corina Tarnita, and I demonstrated that inclusive fitness theory, often called kin selection theory, is both mathematically and biologically incorrect. He explains that this is true even in an extreme case like the harem-keeping elephant seal, where 4% of the males get 88% of copulations. The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary edition £1.94 Only 1 left in stock. Outgrowth of orthodox neo-Darwinism, but nonetheless propagate themselves at its expense voorwaarden Alle prijzen zijn inclusief en. Survival benefit. [ 15 ] de voordelen van bol.com gelden niet voor het eerst gepubliceerd is, het! 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Bestaan zien ] Dawkins claims he merely describes how things are under evolution, and signalling between.. Selection takes place at the London School of Economics 40th Anniversary edition 1989...