6 October 1767. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996); Walter Monfried, “The Slave His second son was a colonel in his army. "Black Majesty: The Life of Christophe, King of Haiti". . He reached agreement with Great Britain to respect its Caribbean colonies in exchange for their warning his government of any French navy activity threatening Haiti. Henri Christophe, mint Dessalines tábornoka Moca és Santiago városokat szállta meg. He was brought to Saint-Domingue (then the name for Haiti, which was a French colony at the time) as a slave. Show Less. King Henri Christophe, I: Birthdate: October 06, 1767: Birthplace: Grenada: Death: October 08, 1820 (53) Milot, Nord Department, Haiti (Suicide) Place of Burial: Milot, Nord Department, Haiti: Immediate Family: Husband of Queen Marie-Louise Christophe Partner of ? He also created a nobility and named his legitimate son Jacques-Victor Henry as prince and heir. Nine years later, at the end of his monarchy, Henry increased the number of designated nobility from the original 87 to 134.[9]. The Best TV and Movies to Watch in March. Henri Christophe (1767-1820), reigned after the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) that ended both slavery and French colonial rule on the Caribbean island. . A nőket és a gyerekeket fogolyként elhurcolta, a … [3] His son and heir was assassinated 10 days later. Henri Christophe who is one of the most admired heroes of Haiti, (6 October 1767 – 8 October 1820) was a former slave and key leader in the Haitian Revolution, which succeeded in gaining independence from France in 1804. "[citation needed], Before leaving Santo Domingo, Dessalines "gave the order to ... commanders posted in conquered communities, to round up all dwellers and subdue them to prison, in so, at first command, have them stomped by mules and other beasts upon arriving to the haitian side."[6]. Unpopular, ill and fearing a coup, he committed suicide. John Vandercook's biography states: "No one knows where King Christophe was born. On his way out he took along, fashioned like a herd, 249 women, 430 girls and 318 boys, a steep figure considering the relatively low population of the town at that time. say he came from Kitts." Spurred on by the revolution in France, a conflict between the colony’s free factions erupted in 1791 into a full-blown slave revolt lead by Toussaint L’Ouverture. Later he set on fire the whole town along with its five churches. On this date in 1767, Henri Christophe was born. Show Less. Henri Christophe, King of Haiti, 1806. who became King: Henry Christophe,” Negro Digest, December 1963, Az egyik templomban utólag 40 gyerek holttestét találták meg. Henri Christophe was a West African slave and became an early king of (Haiti). Beginning with the slave uprising of 1791, Christophe distinguished himself as a soldier in the Haïtian Revolution and quickly rose to be an officer. Christophe held sway in the north and was appointed president of the still young republic in 1806. Two years later, however, Dessalines was assassinated when war broke out between his generals. This generation experienced much of their youth during the Great Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the telephone. Though he is mostly remembered for the Citadelle, the fortress he built, equally impressive was his organizational genius, which created a prosperous and solvent Haiti. As king, Christophe created an elaborate Haïtian peerage (nobility) of his own design, originally consisting of four Princes, eight Dukes, 22 Counts, 40 Barons, and 14 Knights ("chevaliers"). (1968). (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004). [4], Christophe built for his own use six châteaux, eight palaces and the massive Citadelle Laferrière, on a mountain near Milot. Born into slavery in 1767, Christophe was brought to French colonial Haiti, known as Saint Domingue, most likely from Kitts. In 1807 the British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act of 1807 to abolish the importation of African slaves into British territories. “Henri Christophe (1767-1820) was one of the three Black generals who led Haiti’s slave revolution and defended it successfully in a War of Independence against the armies of Napoleon. As leader, Dessalines declared the independence of Saint-Domingue with its new name of Haïti in 1804. Update information for Henri Christophe » Quick Links. But, this allegation has not been proven; other sources clear Pétion's name from the plot and say that he was associated with it only because of rivalry between the blacks and gens de couleur in society. [11], Pierre Nord Alexis, 17th President of Haiti, Despite promoting education and establishing a legal system called the Code Henry,[12] King Henry was an unpopular, autocratic monarch. [2], As an adult, Christophe worked as a mason, sailor, stable hand, waiter, and billiard maker; most of his pay went to his master. During his reign, Northern Haiti was despotic but the sugar cane economy generated revenue for government and officials. Get my book Haiti History 101 from Amazon and learn even more about Haitian History. Pierre Nord Alexis, President of Haiti from 1902–1908, was Christophe's grandson. President and King of Haiti (1767-1820) Upload media. retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=ZToDAAAAMBAJ; Laurent Alexandre Pétion was elected president in the South. Henri Christophe was a former slave and a key leader in the Haitian Revolution, which succeeded in gaining independence from France Europeans mocked his creation, and there the term "Haitian nobility" became a synonym for any improvised aristocracy created by a new government. Other editions - View all. View the profiles of people named Henri Christophe. Henri Christophe (în creola haitiană Anri Kristòf, n. 6 octombrie 1767 – d. 8 octombrie 1820) a fost ofițer și apoi general al armatei haitiene, președinte, apoi rege, sub numele de Henri I, al statului Haiti Henri, par la grâce de Dieu et la Loi constitutionelle de l'État Roi d'Haïti, Souverain des Îles de la Tortue, Gonâve, et autres îles adjacentes, Destructeur de la tyrannie, Régénérateur et bienfaiteur de la nation haïtienne, Créateur de ses institutiones morales, politiques et guerrières, Premier monarque couronné du Nouveau-Monde, Défenseur de la foi, Fondateur de l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Henri. "The Black Jacobins". Christophe was born on the island of Grenada, a British colonial acquisition. On 17 February 1807, he was elected President of the State of Haiti, as he named that area. Henri Christophe. Explore More. There he became skilled at dealing with the grand blancs, as the wealthy white French planters were called. Little is known about Henri Christophe's ( English: Henry Christopher ) boyhood. Christophe founded a College of Arms to provide armorial bearings for the newly ennobled. But old men who still live in Haiti [. There he worked a wide variety of posts including sailor, mason, bartender, and billiard marker. The United States had only recently ended its arms and goods embargo against Haiti, and began war with Great Britain in the War of 1812. Henri Christophe (1767-1820) was a Haitian patriot and king. His son and heir was assassinated 10 days later. [15], Michèle Bennett, who married Jean-Claude Duvalier and served as First Lady of Haiti during his administration (1980 to 1986), was Christophe's great-great-great-great-granddaughter.[16][17]. Henri Christophe + Add or change photo on IMDbPro » Contribute to IMDb. In 1811 Henry declared the northern state of Haïti a kingdom and had himself crowned by Corneil Breuil, the archbishop of Milot. On this date in 1767, Henri Christophe was born. Dessalines was assassinated, and Christophe was elected to the newly created position of president, but without real powers. Remembered as a leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Haitian Revolution, this ex-slave served from 1807 until 1811 as President of the State of Haiti and subsequently became King of Haiti (Henry I of Haiti). He is also covered in Madison Smartt Bell's trilogy about the Haitian Revolution Henri Christophe's influence on African American theater and theater in the Antilles was the subject of a doctoral thesis … Vandercook, 1928, p. 6. Henry Christophe & Thomas Clarkson: A Correspondence Henri Christophe (King of Haiti), Thomas Clarkson Snippet view - 1968. Henri Christophe was a military leader in the Haitian Revolution as well as president and later king of the young nation. Sponsors. By 1802 Louverture had promoted him to general. In 1807 he declared himself "président et généralissime des forces de terre et de mer de l'État d'Haïti'" (English: President and Generalissimo of the armies of land and sea of the State of Haïti). 0 Reviews. Henri Christophe Statue, Port-au-Prince, 2018. Christophe was a rambunctious kid. Henri Christophe Names Henri Christophe, King of Haiti, 1767-1820 (Author) Collection. About Henri Christophe. All donations are tax deductible. Generation also known as The Greatest Generation. Name: Henri Christophe /Serigny (Cerenius)/ Array Sources ↑ Serigny-22 was created by Charles Wright through the import of gonzales- nunez family tree.ged on Jul 14, 2014. What people are saying - Write a review. With the remains of the Sans-Souci Palace, it has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. By 1802, Christophe had been placed in command of the port town of Le Cap. Henri Christophe is a master chef. Get my book Haiti History 101 from Amazon and learn even more about Haitian History. He took his own life with a silver bullet in 1820. Generation also known as The Greatest Generation. Learning of this action, Dessalines was outraged and decided to invade Santo Domingo, with his forces looting several towns, such as Azua and Moca, and finally laying siege to the city of Santo Domingo, the stronghold of the French. By his early twenties, Christophe was able to purchase his freedom and joined the growing class of free blacks. ISBN. Credit: Denver Post. Henri Christophe (who used the anglicized version of Henry Christopher) (6 October 1767 – 8 October 1820) was a former slave and key leader in the Haitian Revolution, which succeeded in gaining independence from France in 1804. Born Christopher Henry, probably in Grenada, the son of a slave mother and Christophe, a freeman, he was brought as a slave to the northern part of Saint-Domingue. The two parts of Haiti struggled to increase agricultural production to recover from the expensive and damaging wars. Note présentée par la noblesse d'Haïti aux trois grands alliés," an 1820 chanson written by. His parents were slaves brought to Grenada with thousands of other West Africans to work in the sugar industry. Wikisource. Jean Jacques Dessalines led the fight to defeat French forces. Henri Christophe (King of Haiti) University of California Press, 1952 - Haiti - 287 pages. After the war, he returned to Saint-Domingue, and worked many service jobs. His parents were slaves brought to Grenada with thousands of other West Africans to work in the sugar industry. Social Networks and Archival Context. His parents were slaves brought to Grenada with thousands of other West Africans to work in the sugar industry. Little is known about Henri Christophe's (English: Henry Christopher ) boyhood. Henri Christophe and Haiti, first Black Republic in the "New World" Painting of Henri Christophe, First King of the Republic of Haiti (b. October 8, 1767 – d. October 8, 1820). A small donation would help us keep this accessible to all. . SNAC is a discovery service for persons, families, and organizations found within archival collections at cultural heritage institutions. (It was later renamed as Cap-Haïtien). Born Christopher Henry, probably in Grenada,[1] the son of a slave mother and Christophe, a freeman, he was brought as a slave to the northern part of Saint-Domingue. Griggs, E.L.; Prator, C.H., eds (1968). He made an agreement with Britain that Haiti would not threaten its Caribbean colonies; in return the British Navy would warn Haiti of imminent attacks from French troops. Do you find this information helpful? Twenty years have gone by and Ti Noel has fathered twelve children by one of the cooks. [3] He worked in and managed a hotel restaurant in Cap-Français, the first capital of the French colony of Saint-Domingue and a major colonial city. James, C.L.R. In 1805 he took part under Jean-Jacques Dessalines in the invasion of Santo Domingo (now Dominican Republic) against French forces, and was documented as killing hundreds of Dominicans, including prisoners. The general Jean-Pierre Boyer came to power and reunited the two parts of Haiti. Explore More. "The Armorial of Haiti: Symbols of Nobility in the Reign of Henry Christophe". Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution He has told these children many stories of Macandal and they await his return. The French deported Toussaint Louverture to France, and brought in more than 20,000 new troops under the Vicomte de Rochambeau in an effort to regain control of the colony and re-establish slavery. A great number of commentators report that he was born on Grenada island, a small nation in the Caribbean’s Lesser Antilles, and was the son of a freeman. A Royal Almanac prepared by a courtier and published at the presses at the King's Palace of Sans Souci gives the date of his birth as 6 October 1767, and his birthplace as Grenada [. Christophe was a former slave of Bambara ethnicity in West Africa, and perhaps of … In 1806, Henri Christophe learned of a plot to kill Dessalines; seeing an opportunity to seize power, he did not warn the self-proclaimed Emperor. He mobilized his troops and ordered them to seize all black children of both sexes below the age of 14 years to be sold as slaves. On 6 April 1805, having gathered all his troops, General Christophe took all male prisoners to the local cemetery and proceeded to slit their throats, among them Presbyter Vásquez and 20 more priests. Belliard; ? Christophe was born on the island of Grenada, a British colony. Toward the end of Christophe's reign, public sentiment opposed what many considered his feudal policies of forced labor, which he intended to use to develop the country. Christophe gained much infamy, however, because of his insistence on the use of corvee labor to sustain the economy. Henri Christophe was born in 1760s. He was a West African slave and became an early Black king of (Haiti). Then he went to work as a domestic in … A former slave, Henri Christophe rose to the rank of General in the rebel army during the Haitian Revolution,... Bonfils Theatre - Productions L to R: Jon Christian , David Essek , Gordon Heath as Henri Christophe. [3][4] Even in documents written in French, the king's name was usually given his preferred English spelling. Haiti : miscellaneous collections. Vandercook, John (1928). As he aged, he became more eccentric and brutal as well as unpopular. He fought for years with Toussaint Louverture in the North, helping to defeat the French colonists, the Spanish, British, and finally French national troops. The British Museum possesses a large collection of manuscripts preserved by Thomas Clarkson the British Abolitionist. As an adult, Christophe worked as a mason, sailor, stable hand, waiter, … Genealogy profile for King Henri Christophe, I King Henri Christophe, I (1767 - 1820) - Genealogy Genealogy for King Henri Christophe, I (1767 - 1820) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. There he worked a wide variety of posts including sailor, mason, bartender, and billiard marker. “Henri Christophe (1767-1820) was one of the three Black generals who led Haiti’s slave revolution and defended it successfully in a War of Independence against the armies of Napoleon. They fought at the Siege of Savannah. Managed by: Private User Last Updated: today Henry, by the grace of God and constitutional law of the state, King of Haiti, Sovereign of Tortuga, Gonâve, and other adjacent islands, Destroyer of tyranny, Regenerator and Benefactor of the Haïtian nation, Creator of her moral, political, and martial institutions, First crowned monarch of the New World, Defender of the faith, Founder of the Royal Military Order of Saint Henry. He is known for constructing the Citadelle Laferrière, the Sans-Souci Palace, and numerous other palaces. The peace did not last, and when L’Ouverture was deported to France, Christophe rejoined the resistance, now led by Dessalines. King Henry chose to enforce corvée plantation work, a system of forced labor, in lieu of taxes, but also began his massive building projects. Henri Christophe was born in 1760s. [13] Ill and infirm at age fifty-three, King Henry committed suicide by shooting himself with a silver bullet rather than risk a coup and assassination. The Haitian general Henri Christophe (referred to as Enrique Cristóbal in Spanish-language accounts), under Dessalines, attacked the towns of Moca and Santiago. Wikipedia. In 1811 he assumed the title of king. Henri Christophe is part of G.I. London: The College of Arms. Joined fight for U.S. independence, 1779; fought in military campaign led by Toussaint L’Overture, 1797; appointed commandant of Le Cap, 1799; declared independence of State of Haiti, 1804; elected president of northern territories of Haiti, 1807; declared Haiti a kingdom an… Born October 6, 1767, in Grenada; committed suicide, October 18, 1820; married Marie-Louise Coidavid, 1793; children: Three sons and two daughters. Henri Christophe was born on October 6th, 1767, in Grenada. Henri Christophe, King of Haiti, 1767-1820 Title ; Close. [8], Christophe named his legitimate son Jacques-Victor Henry heir apparent, giving him the title of Prince Royal of Haïti. Update information for Henri Christophe » Quick Links. 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