We all read the Bible with a set of cultural assumptions and values. Uriah is a soldier. And so, rather than wait for David to hypocritically rant and rave about the stupidity of such a move, he just goes on and tells him first, so that he will not receive any reaction from David. He will return as soon as David releases him (see verse 12). Have you experienced it, my friend? Shall I then go to my house to eat and drink, and to lie with my wife? This is a summary of the Biblical account of David and Bathsheba. The hypocrisy of David's actions and words are hard to accept. The story of his interactions with Bathsheba and Uriah is one such account of David’s moral failings. He confidently assured the priest that he and his men had kept themselves from women, almost incensed that the priest would think otherwise. 13 Now when David called him, he ate and drank before him; and he made him (N)drunk. He is not a traveling salesman, home from a road trip; he is a soldier, away from his post. There is no need for any attack. David is one of my favorites because he’s the man after God’s own heart. the child that Uriah’s wife had borne to David, and he became ill. 16 David pleaded with God for the child. So David inquired of Uriah, asking him why he did not go home, for he should be worn from having been in battle. And from the roof he (E)saw a woman bathing, and the woman was very beautiful to behold. In the very next verses, David compels Uriah to “eat and drink” with him, with the hope that he will lie with his wife. Uriah has to understand what the king is suggesting. 3 So David sent and inquired about the woman. Pieter Lastman, David handing over a letter to Uriah, 1619. 10 So when they told David, saying, “Uriah did not go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Did you not come from a journey? Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Uriah Duffy de la plus haute qualité. First, “Can a Christian fall?” Yes. 7 When Uriah had come to him, David asked how Joab was doing, and how the people were doing, and how the war prospered. 28 Afterward when David heard it, he said, “I and my kingdom are innocent before the LORD forever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner. However, even in the midst of the sin, death, and betrayal, God was preparing good things. Nevertheless, this man David, in spite of his trust in God, in spite of his marvelous times of worship and his beautiful psalms, falls deeply into sin. 12 Therefore let him who thinks he stands take heed that he does not fall (1 Corinthians 10:11-12). They seem gracious and understanding, even sympathetic. 40 Note here that there was a three-day feast of David and the men who joined with him. The apprentice gets the bright idea that the work would be a whole lot easier if he used his master's magical arts so he could sit back and watch other powers at work. And God did deliver them. They did not presume that He would, or that He must. The truth is that Uriah has been called from the field of battle. (3) Bathsheba is not said to have any part in David's scheme to deceive Uriah or to bring about his death, much less any knowledge of what David is doing. King David, who should have been leading his troops into battle (2 Samuel 11:1), has remained in Jerusalem and committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever can be found.” 4 The priest answered David and said, “There is no ordinary bread on hand, but there is consecrated bread; if only the young men have kept themselves from women.” 5 David answered the priest and said to him, “Surely women have been kept from us as previously when I set out and the vessels of the young men were holy, though it was an ordinary journey; how much more then today will their vessels be holy?” (1 Samuel 21:1-5). The author points his accusing finger at David, not Bathsheba. 15 And indeed if they had been thinking of that country from which they went out, they would have had opportunity to return. David is orchestrating this homecoming to appear as though it serves one purpose, while it actually serves David's purpose of concealing his own sin. As we take up where we left off in our last lesson, a few more bits of background information are vital to our understanding of this text. Why did you not go down to your house?”, 11 And Uriah said to David, (L)“The ark and Israel and Judah are dwelling in tents, and (M)my lord Joab and the servants of my lord are encamped in the open fields. David, years earlier, was adamant about the fact that those on a mission for the king should keep themselves from sexual intercourse. These words of David are the frosting on the cake. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Bible Gateway Plus makes studying Scripture easier than ever. David is a heroic figure in the Hebrew Bible: a handsome, brave, and talented warrior-king who receives special favor from God. If one of David’s servants had spoken an early word of warning like Abigail did, perhaps the rape of Bathsheba and murder of Uriah could have been avoided. David has set out on a course of action that backfires. But we have no such questions regarding David. Apart from God's sustaining grace, we can fall very far, very quickly. It seems now as though David is simply trying to legitimize his sin. Let us see if we can find the answer to this question as we look more closely at these verses. He is confident that the political insufficiency he sees in Aristotle's city is in sharp contrast with his own commonwealth, which has a sovereign Hobbes strives to make into a self-sufficient public oracle of good and evil (Lev. It was here that Uriah and those with him were fighting. NKJV, Chronological Study Bible: Holy Bible, New King James Version, NKJV, Open Bible, Red Letter Edition, Comfort Print: Complete Reference System, NKJV, Lucado Encouraging Word Bible, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New King James Version, NKJV, Vines Expository Bible, Comfort Print: A Guided Journey Through the Scriptures with Pastor Jerry Vines. Now here is a most amazing thing. Contrast his response to the death of Uriah with his responses to the deaths of Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1:11-27), and even of Abner (2 Samuel 3:28-39). Why does the author devote so much time and space to the way in which Uriah's death is reported to David? Serving God is more than, Thou shall and Thou shall not THE LAW ABOVE THE LAW 2 Samuel 11: 10/11 “And Uriah said unto David…………..I will not do this thing.” Serving God is more than thou shall or thou shall not. This means that she has missed at least one period and probably another. Bathsheba informs David that she is pregnant, not that she is afraid she might be. David summoned Bathsheba and forced her to commit adultery with him. Uriah is the “David” that David should be. When Uriah arrives in Jerusalem, he reports to David, who acts out the charade he has planned. In this letter David clearly orders Joab to murder Uriah for him. David, desperate, then told his overly loyal commander Joab to send Uriah into the thick of battle, and then order Uriah's support team to retreat, leaving him exposed. Third, “How fast can a Christian fall?” This fast. The sin is all the worse because it has been by the joint occurrence of Uriah’s allegiance to David and David’s neglect of duty that the adultery has so easily taken place. And David's faithful servant Uriah has been put to death as though he were the enemy. In due time, Uriah's widow became David's wife. Uriah, Bathsheba’s husband, was killed through the conniving plan of David in his desperate attempt to hide the fact that he was the father of the child that Bathsheba was carrying. Jacob L. Wright June 23, 2014 3 Comments 3155 views Share. All the Israelites have to do is wait them out and starve them out. Uriah not only refuses to go to his house and sleep with his wife, he sleeps at the doorway of the king's house, in the midst of his servants. David not only commits the sin of adultery, he commits murder. 5:28], [Lev. It is amazing how quickly David falls into the sins depicted in this one chapter. The irony is overwhelming. After all, you win a few, and you lose a few. Only one thing is wrong with David's plan: he assumes Uriah is as spiritually apathetic as he, and that he will act to indulge himself, rather than act like a soldier at war. David got Bathsheba (Uriah’s wife) pregnant. (2) It seems unlikely that Uriah is ignorant of what David has done and of what he is trying to accomplish by calling him home to Jerusalem. David and Uriah is a late painting by Rembrandt, dated to around 1665 by the Hermitage Museum (where it now hangs ) or c.1666-1669 in the 2015 Late Rembrandt exhibition at the Rijksmuseum. David and Uriah. After the crimes were committed, the prophet Nathan was prompted by God to confront the king, who fortunately for … So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow. He does not wish to deny himself, so he takes the wife of another man and sleeps with her. Even drunk, Uriah will not violate his conscience!42 Once again, Uriah spends the night at the doorway of David's house, along with his servants. This is the worst situation for a soldier. 2 Samuel 11:14 | View whole chapter | See verse in context And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah. ), and still other great warriors joined with David at Hebron (1 Chronicles 12:38-40).40 We do not know when and where Uriah joined with David, but since his military career ends in 2 Samuel 12, his military feats must have been done earlier. As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing.”. David and Bathsheba’s Adultery and the Murder of Uriah the Hittite The greatest illustration of how God deals with a believer who fails to confess his sin is that of David. 27 And when her mourning was over, David sent and brought her to his house, and she (S)became his wife and bore him a son. Worse yet, David sets out to convince -- even to compel -- Uriah to go to do so, even though it will cause him to violate his conscience. And quickly the servant adds, “and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead” (verse 14). Some folks in the Bible may cause us to question whether they really ever came to faith in God, folks like Balaam or Samson or Saul. Uriah is one of David’s many antagonists that we meet throughout the novel. . When that didn’t work out, David put the man on the front lines of battle, and had the army withdraw in order that Uriah would be killed. After her time of mourning, Bathsheba married David and gave birth to a son. There are two important messages we want to teach kids from this chapter. Let us be reminded of this fact from David's tragic experience. Joab complies completely with David's orders, and Uriah is eliminated, no longer an obstacle to David's plans. J.M. 22:22]; Ps. But Uriah said he wouldn’t sleep with Bathsheba. Wenceslaus Hollar, Hans Holbein the Younger David and Uriah. Here is Uriah, a man who will give his life for his king, and David, a man who is now willing to take Uriah's life to cover his sin. David responded to the news of Uriah’s death by saying, essentially, “Well, sometimes bad things happen.” He showed no regret or remorse, only relief that he had not been caught in his sin. Uriah, however, is too devoted and too lawful to squander his time while his men are dying in battle. Uriah is a gentile and a Hittite who eventually came to worship the God of Israel. But God lovingly sought them out, not only to rebuke them and to pronounce curses upon them, but to give them the promise of forgiveness. When he sends Uriah to Jerusalem, he has to give him some mission, some task to perform. 24 The archers shot from the wall at your servants; and some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.”, 25 Then David said to the messenger, “Thus you shall say to Joab: ‘Do not let this thing [e]displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. That is going pretty far to avoid consequences. That's the way it goes.” Uriah, a great warrior and a man of godly character, has just died, and David does not express one word of grief, one expression of sorrow, not one word of tribute. Deut. Uriah is an example of the commitment expected of every soldier, and of David in particular -- at least the David of the past. NKJV, Ancient-Modern Bible, Comfort Print: One faith. David sends to have Uriah come to him. He has many witnesses to testify that any child borne by his wife during this time is not his child. 20:10; Deut. Uriah, like all of the Old Testament saints of old, died without receiving his full reward, and that is because God wanted him to wait. This is David's sin and his responsibility, and so she informs him. But as a faithful servant of the king, he will not enjoy a night alone with his wife; instead, he will join with those who guard the king's life. Daniel's three friends told the king that their God was able to deliver them. Joab and Uriah may have sensed that this was no “mission impossible” (as you would give a mighty warrior), but that is a “mission incredible.” In any case, the web of deceit and deception is already being woven, and more people are being drawn into the conspiracy. However, as we examine the details, we see that it is actually sexual abuse of power, in other words, rape. When Uriah came home, David told him, “Take a break from the war. This is the conviction of Uriah as a soldier, and he will not violate his conscience, even when commanded to do so by the king. The King called for Uriah to come home so that he could spend a night with his wife, Bathsheba, and cover up the sin that Bathsheba was pregnant with David's child. At least Uriah knows what David is trying to get him to do on this stay in Jerusalem. I wonder. This enrages David to such an extent that he fantasizes about stabbing Uriah with the fireplace poker. The Genealogy of Uriah The Hittite. I believe the messenger gives the report in this way because he understands what is really going on here. While Uriah is on the battlefront serving his king, David is home, not only eating, drinking and lying with his wives (presumably), but also with Uriah’s wife. (3) Whatever it was, it was very carefully planned to facilitate David's scheme of getting Uriah to bed with his wife, as quickly as possible. Bathsheba was the wife of Uriah the Hittite, a warrior in King David's army. Sin is not stagnant; it is not static. And when Uriah swears by the life of the king that he will not do so, the king ends up taking Uriah's life. Reverend J.M. Without a doubt, this is the moral and spiritual low-water mark of David's life. In heart and soul, Uriah is still with his fellow-soldiers. Whatever it was, if there had been an honest confession of all that was done and what they were attempting to do, it may have been taken as a minor crime of political intrigue with minimal impact. Uriah is now acting like the David we knew from earlier days. Western culture is on… He sleeps in the doorway of the king's house, in the presence of a number of the king's servants. I sought to demonstrate that this sin was all of David's doing. David was nervous that his adultery would be found out and quickly called for Uriah to come home to spend a night, hoping he would sleep with Bathsheba and cover up that she was pregnant with David’s child. Joab has to assemble a group of mighty men, like Uriah, and including Uriah, to wage an attack on the city. I think it is safe to say that here Uriah is very much like David in his earlier days, in terms of his response to Saul. However, Uriah refused to lay with his wife out of devotion to his fellow men off fighting. However, we have seen how David repaid Uriah’s loyalty. Not only is Uriah put to death, but a number of other Israelite warriors die with him. I am inclined to understand that at least some of these servants, if not all of them, are the king's bodyguards (compare 1 Kings 14:27-28). Uriah first points out to David that his terminology is inaccurate. He listens to his reports, and then he gives him the night off, some time to go to his house and “wash his feet.” David is not worried about this soldier's personal hygiene; he is worried about his own reputation. I take it from the context that Uriah is sent to Jerusalem on the pretext that he is needed to report directly to David on the state of the war. Mission accomplished: Uriah is dead. He really wants to be back in the field of battle, and not in Jerusalem. Uriah's death has to be viewed as one of a group of men, rather than merely one man. The servant-spies come to David in the morning with an amazing report: “He didn't do it. A member … Instead, we are told that Uriah never leaves the king's house. The story of David and Uriah reminds me of the story of the “Sorcerer's Apprentice.” It has been awhile, but as I remember the plot (probably the Walt Disney version), the sorcerer goes away, leaving his apprentice behind to do his chores. Uriah is identified as the foreground figure, with David and Nathan in the background. Detail Davind and Uriah by Rembrandt.jpg 438 × 577; 99 KB. Bob is a pastor/teacher and elder at Community Bible Chapel in Richardson, Texas, and has contributed many of his Bible study series for use by the Foundation. 14 In the morning it happened that David (P)wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah. 37 They were stoned, they were sawn in two, they were tempted, they were put to death with the sword; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins, being destitute, afflicted, ill-treated 38 (men of whom the world was not worthy), wandering in deserts and mountains and caves and holes in the ground. Used by permission. Our previous lesson attempted to explain David's sin with Bathsheba in a way that placed the guilt squarely upon David, and not upon Bathsheba. Strengthen your attack against the city, and overthrow it.’ So encourage him.”. It seems very unlikely that David and Uriah are strangers; rather, it would seem these two men know each other from fighting together, and perhaps even from fleeing Saul together. David will give Uriah the same opportunity, except that it will be his own wife he will sleep with. Uriah replied that out of respect for the nation and the king, he could not go home to eat and sleep with his wife. J.M. David agrees that she looked "superior," and Uriah exclaims delightedly that as humble as he is, he is in love with Agnes. These eight verses, devoted to the way in which Uriah's death is reported, are double the length of the account of David's sin with Bathsheba. And Joab sent Uriah to David. David's sin grows from adultery to murder. Sin grows. The frequent contrast between Uriah’s and David’s sentiments emphasizes David… However, we have seen how David repaid Uriah’s loyalty. Now David adds a further touch. But David remained at Jerusalem. You may remember that when David's father wanted to know how the battle with the Philistines was going (three of his sons were involved), he sent David, the youngest son, as an errand boy to take some supplies and return with word about the war (1 Samuel 17:17-19). How insensitive of Uriah not to go home to be with his wife and to sleep with her. We assume that all who were counted among David’s mighty men were men David deemed to be trustworthy. He has been called to his king's presence, away from the battle. After David’s sin with Bathsheba, God did not have David to cut the marital relationship with her since her husband was dead and she was released from that marital law “For the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. They know what David wants; he wants Uriah to go home and sleep with his wife. And then, thankfully, we get to chapter 12. We all know that it doesn’t work. David had no desire for Bathsheba to become his wife, or even to carry on an adulterous affair with her. Our lesson from 2 Samuel 11 is one of the great cover-up attempts of all time, and like so many, it too fails miserably. 22:8; 1 Sam. The king who had compassion on the crippled son of Jonathan now lacks compassion for the whole army, and specifically for Bathsheba and her husband Uriah. Bathsheba has become pregnant. You might remember, that after sleeping with Bathsheba, David encourages her husband, Uriah… David speaks of Uriah returning from a journey (verse 10). The fulfillment of this punishment is a matter of historical record. Is this not the time for him to concern himself with his needs and desires? Let them think carefully about the example of Uriah for their own lives. Thus, Uriah was killed by the enemy. David's enemies (the Ammonites) have become his allies (they fire the fatal shots which kill Uriah). It was not Bathsheba's indiscretion in bathing herself (as I understand this story), for she was simply obeying the ritual of purification outlined in the law. If they do not know all of the details of what David has done with Bathsheba (which is hard to believe) and what he intends to accomplish by Uriah's visit, they certainly know something out of the ordinary is taking place. In fact, spiritual intimacy with God is often the result of our sufferings (see Matthew 5). At the same time, David’s characterization in biblical narrative is ambivalent, emphasizing his flaws as well as his virtues. For example, whereas Uriah wishes to marry Agnes only in order to hurt David, David’s marriages are both motivated by love. This is truly one of the greatest sins of David. David and Uriah represents a dramatic reversal of events not through physical means, but by stirring the conflicting passions of loyalty, betrayal, and desire that shaped this moment of peripeteia. At this point in time, David's life is very similar. 9 But Uriah slept at the (K)door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and did not go down to his house. Uriah's words should have shocked David into a realization of the depth of his sin. 8 Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” And Uriah went out of the king’s house, and there followed him a present from the king. Was it dinner and dancing at a romantic restaurant? He asks Uriah about the “welfare of Joab and the people,” and the “state of the war.” It troubles me that David needs such a report at all. Spirituality is no guarantee that we will no longer suffer in this life. Uriah is a gentile and a Hittite who eventually came to worship the God of Israel. go to be with his wife) he is now strongly urging -- even commanding -- him to do. Recognizing God’s Providence: Fellowship Restored (Gen. 45:1-28), 8. The author uses these words in an ironically pivotal way. Richard Nixon, the President of the United States, was forced to resign amid talk of impeachment. The answer is quite simple, as is evident by Joab's own concerns. 17 The elders of his household stood beside him to get him up from the ground, but he refused, and he would not eat any food with them. The inference is that this is a military (or at least official) mission. As much as possible, he will live the way his fellow-soldiers are living on the field of battle. David enacted a second, more sinister plan: he commanded his military leader, Joab, to place Uriah on the front lines of battle and then to purposefully fall back from him, leaving Uriah exposed to enemy attack. One way or the other, David is making these servant-spies co-conspirators with him. Fifth, when we seek to conceal our sin, things only get worse. But when Uriah faithfully serves his king (David), he loses his life. David's sin continues to encompass more and more people, leading to greater and greater sin. Joab has carried out David's instructions to the letter. Uriah leaves David's presence. He was loyal to king and country, for he served in the king’s army. They virtually equal the length of the account of David's dealings with Uriah. Bob was born and raised in a Christian home i... More, 9. Uriah and David not only have opposing characteristics but also operate at cross-purposes. 21 Who struck (R)Abimelech the son of [d]Jerubbesheth? Steph takes a look at the story of David and Bathsheba, another evidence of God’s mercy and grace. David had her brought to the palace and had a love affair with her. The mission is a suicide mission from the outset, and it does not take a genius to see it for what it is. With all due respect, Uriah declines -- indeed Uriah refuses -- to do that which would be conduct unbefitting a soldier, let alone a war hero. Uriah was a member of David’s elite warriors known as David’s Mighty Men or David’s Mighty Warriors or just simply, “The Thirty.” God saw it fit to list these warriors by name in both II Samuel 23 and in I Chronicles 11. 32 And what more shall I say? I think Christians look upon this deliverance as the rule, rather than the exception. 7 (1929-1930) ℗ 1996 Document Records Released on: 2005-07 … David acts without Bathsheba's help. in 1971. 35 Women received back their dead by resurrection; and others were tortured, not accepting their release, so that they might obtain a better resurrection; 36 and others experienced mockings and scourgings, yes, also chains and imprisonment. David conspires to hide his sin and so, calls Uriah home from the battlefield and tries to get him to sleep with his wife. If that was the extent of the story, there wouldn’t be much to tell, but Uriah’s death is only the beginning of David’s problems with God, Israel, and his son Absalom. The story of David, Uriah, and Bathsheba complicates the biblical portrait of David and reflects a strand of deep skepticism about kingship in some biblical traditions. Instead of leading his troops, David had stayed behind and sent them off to battle. It shows the moment when David sends Uriah the Hittite to the front-line of the war with the Ammonites so that David can sleep with Uriah's wife Bathsheba. 8 Then David said to Uriah, 'Go down to your house, and wash your feet.' Burglars had broken in to readjust some of the bugging equipment installed in an earlier break-in in May. It seems like another version of, “The Devil made me do it.”, Robert L. (Bob)Deffinbaugh graduated from Dallas Theological Seminary with his Th.M. 26 When the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband. To my knowledge, there is no specific law in the Law of Moses which forbids a soldier to have sex with his wife during times of war. It was God who provided a covering for their sins. 27 So when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the middle of the gate to speak with him privately, and there he struck him in the belly so that he died on account of the blood of Asahel his brother. I endeavored to demonstrate that David's sin with Bathsheba was the result of a sequence of wrong decisions and attitudes on David's part. David condemned Joab and put him under a curse because he shed the innocent blood of Abner. Listen below as Emory University Hebrew Bible professor Jacob L. Wright reads a selection from his critically acclaimed new book David, King of Israel, and Caleb in Biblical Memory. I am certain David does not want Uriah to know the real purpose of his journey to Jerusalem. David has not even entertained the possibility that Uriah will refuse his offer. David lusted after her and made plans to have her for his own. Uriah is now acting like the David we knew from earlier days. I think it is safe to say that there is no sin of which the Christian is not capable in the flesh. David goes through all the right motions with Uriah. Now, this same David (well, not really the same David) now uses Joab to kill Uriah and get him out of his way. How we would love to know just what that “gift” was. David then set up Uriah to be killed in battle. David was nervous that his sin of adultery would now be found out. After David orchestrates Uriah’s death in battle, he assumes the disaster has been averted. Uriah speaks with such conviction, David knows that he will never violate his duty as a soldier with all of his mental faculties. 14 For those who say such things make it clear that they are seeking a country of their own. If his colleagues run, he is … This was certainly a time to get to know these men. Joab obeys David's command to send Uriah, and my guess is that Joab knows something is up. One does not need to send a military hero as a messenger (nor is it good practice). He left his safety and future in God's hands, and God did not fail him. The story of Uriah, David, and Bathsheba is a tragic one. The sacrificial death, burial, and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ is God's provision for covering our sins. He plays the role of a benevolent master. Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Mr. Murdstone and Steerforth are the first antagonist that we meet. I think it is important to see that there is no specific command here which Uriah refuses to disobey. This is a hardened, callused David, callused by his own sin. We are all capable of horrible things. David's sin blossoms so that it transforms a true and loyal friend (Uriah) to his enemy, and his enemies (the Ammonites, and in some senses, Joab) into his allies. 2: Trust Must Be Earned (Gen. 42:29-44:34). For those of us in the Western world, many of the these assumptions and values are addressed by E. 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S actions raise some interesting questions about those who get themselves drunk Reverend J.M read... Difference between an honor/shame and a Hittite who eventually came to worship the God of Israel stage a murder... Reluctantly agrees—says that David ( 2 Samuel 11:11 ) Well as his virtues, Abishai, and warrior-king! Do n't worry about it hide from God those gentile converts whose faith and puts. Pregnant, not that she is the enemy below and we know it: Fellowship Restored ( 45:1-28! He does not need to send Uriah, however, we can find answer. Uriah not to go home! ” David then seeks to gently rebuke Uriah Uriah ’ s.... Him ; and he made him ( see verse 12 ) is much we can learn from and... Enough alcohol in his system to make him drunk giving the people of Jerusalem as to whose child Bathsheba child... Views Share David makes sure that Uriah joins David for dinner this last night in,. Another man and sleeps with her is still with his fellow-soldiers are living on the of... 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